Gamma cameras the most widespread of nuclear medical diagnostics. Imaging and detectors for medical physics lecture 5. Gamma cameras or scintillation cameras are pieces of apparatus which allow radiologists to carry out scintigraphy scans, tests which. Chapter 18, has matched the gamma camera for a balance of image quality, detection efficiency. The use of principal components in the quantitative. Application of gamma camera gamma camera used to locate cancerous tumours,minor bone fractures,abnormal functioning of organs and other medical problems.
List performance characteristics of gamma cameras and features affecting performance. Figure 1 illustrates the basic principles and components of the gamma camer. The radioisotope gives off gamma rays similar to xrays, which are detected by a gamma camera. The major components are a collimator, a largearea naitl scintillation crystal, a light guide, and an array of pm tubes. The two major components of these imaging procedures are radiopharmaceuticals and an. Figure 1 illustrates the basic principles of image formation with the gamma camera. Block diagram of a gamma camera the crystal and pm tubes are housed in a. A gamma camera system having control components operating in conjunction with a solid state detector. In this chapter, we have endeavored to explain the fundamentals of imaging systems, cameras and their components, and common clinical applications. Components of the floodfield uniformity index in a gamma. Basic principles of gamma camera imaging and quality control. Physics in nuclear medicine university of michigan. The applications of scintigraphy include early drug development and nuclear medical imaging to view and analyse images of the human body or the distribution of medically injected, inhaled, or ingested radionuclides. Components of a gamma came ra, including from bottom to top scintillation crystal, light guide w ith masking, circular pmts, magnetic shielding of pmts and signalproce ssing electronics 4.
Computer to build up the image from many detection events operation. Evaluation of the scattered radiation components produced. This paper presents a simulation for evaluation of. The content has been established from the contributions of many persons and represents a wide. For this, three different simind program configurations using lehr collimator were simulated. Nuclear medicine provides noninvasive imaging tools to detect a variety of human diseases. Gamma radiation emitted from the radionuclide administered to the patient most commonly tc99m travels in all directions. A block diagram of the basic components of a gamma camera is shown below. A composite solidstate detector for utilization within gamma cameras and the like. Knowledge of the functions and capabilities of the computer is a vital component in delivering quality in.
Procedures have been developed for two gamma camera models. A new gamma camera at a fraction of the cost drawing on many years of manufacturing experience since 1981, mie have developed a system of remanufacturing to deliver cost effective process is also. Nuclear medicine imaging allows us to take pictures of an organ or disease using radio tracers that are selected based on their ability to localise in specific. The nmtcb components of eparedness provide a description of the concepts, tasks, knowledge, and skills an individual needs to successfully understand and perform the necessary duties for an entry. Choose from 108 different sets of gamma camera flashcards on quizlet. Radiation energy considerations xray ct we want photons with differential absorption in tissue and complete absorption in the detectors nuclear medicine. Gamma camera developed by hal anger at berkeley in 1957 therefore also called anger camera an electronic device that detects gamma rays emitted by radio pharmaceautical e. Naitl crystal single or multicrystal over width of patient stops the. We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and.
The gamma camera is an imaging technique used to carry out functional scans of the brain, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys and skeleton. The detectors formed of an array of detector crystals, the opposed surfaces of each of which are formed. Components of the floodfield uniformity index in a gamma camera to cite this article. Gamma camera components and operation gamma camera components. Pdf quality control of gamma camera with spect systems.
Slides to iaea nuclear medicine physics handbook iaea human. Learn gamma camera with free interactive flashcards. The major components are a collimator, a largearea naiti scintillation crystal, a light guide, and an array of m tubes. In the gamma camera more than 99% of the emitted gamma rays are absorbed or scattered by the collimators. Using gamma cameras to assess internal contamination. Iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera systems.
The use of principal components in the quantitative analysis of gamma camera dynamic studies d c barber sheffield university and area health authority teaching, department of medical physics. This quality control atlas for scintillation camera systems has been developed under the auspices of the iaea. The gamma camera usually consists of several components. Most of the organic chemicals found in the body are made of carbon, oxygen. Further detail on these components can be found below. A srmiconductors based gamma imager performances of. The basic components of gamma camera are collimator, sodium iodide nai crystal, photomultiplier tubes pmt and position logic circuit. Gamma camera imaging of radioactive sources in patients three major components. A gamma camera consists of a lead collimator used to define the direction of the detected gamma rays, a nai ti scintillation crystal to convert the incident gamma. The scattered radiation components produced in a gamma camera park was evaluated. Radiological and imaging sciences, medical physics and clinical engineering, medical school, queens medical centre.
Gamma camera radioactive decay gamma rays are produced by unstable nuclei when protons and neutrons rerange to a more stable configuration. The gamma camera is positioned either over or under your body while you lie on a couch. The gamma camera can also provide signals to a computer for further analysis of the images. List basic gamma camera calibrations and how they affect performance. Elements of gamma camera and spect systems springerlink. The first scintillation camera or gamma camera proposed by hal anger 1957 consisted of a singlepinhole collimator, a 4indiameter by 14inthick naitl crystal, seven 1.
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